Ankylostomlasis

This is a disease caused by the presence of the parasite "hook worm" in the intestines. These worms attach themselves to the mucous membrane of the small intestine by a series of books situated around the mouth of the parasite. The bite of the worm causes loss of blood and anemia. The female worm lays a large number of eggs, which pass away in the human faeces. Favourable conditions for the development of the eggs are a warm, moist atmosphere and absence of daylight.

Recent research on this disease has established one or two important facts. The first is that whilst it was formerly believed that the ova could not develop at temperatures below 68⁰ F., it has now been definitely established that development can proceed at any temperature between 53⁰ F. and 98⁰ F. Thus, if the ova were introduced, the disease could develop in any mine whose temperature ranged between these limits.

The second point is that again, contrary to previous belief, the larvae do not only enter the intestines by the mouth of the victim, but may gain access through the skin.

Dr. Haldane observed that a skin affection known as "hunches" was common among the infected miners, and investigation showed that this was due to the larvae of the worm. It has been shown that two days after the larvae have been applied to the skin the parasite was present in the intestines.

The symptoms of ankylostomlasis are those of anemia; it is seldom, however, that the disease is fatal. Treatment consists in the use of a suitable purgative.

Preventive measure consists in isolating any workman affected, the provision of suitable conveniences underground and the liberal use of disinfectants.